The history and enforcement of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Common Assessment Questions & Answers

) are most susceptible to damage from human activity and oil spills. Pollution Sources & Types:

The "human element" is the leading cause of maritime accidents; therefore, strict adherence to onboard procedures is the best defense against pollution. Ballast Management:

(Note: Protocols were added later, but 1978 is often the CBT answer)